Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming libraries worldwide, but its adoption in developing
countries like Nigeria remains limited. This study explored how Nigerian library professionals
and patrons perceive AI, focusing on awareness, usage, benefits, and barriers. Using the
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of
Technology (UTAUT), researchers surveyed 600 participants from university and public
libraries through validated questionnaires. Results were analyzed with descriptive statistics and
ANOVA to identify patterns and differences across groups. Findings revealed moderate
awareness of AI, with 70% of respondents acknowledging its existence but only 40% actively
using it. Benefits such as improved efficiency and personalized services were recognized, with
statistical significance (p = 0.018). However, adoption is hindered by concerns over data privacy,
fear of job loss (30%), and inadequate infrastructure (25%). These barriers emerged as the most
critical challenges. Despite this, overall perception of AI was positive, with a mean score of 3.9
and standard deviation of 0.7. ANOVA results highlighted significant differences across
professional roles and demographics (p-values = 0.022; 0.011). Librarians, younger participants,
and those with higher education levels showed greater acceptance of AI. While optimism about
AI integration is evident, structural and ethical issues continue to restrict widespread adoption.
The study concludes that sustainable integration of AI in Nigerian libraries requires clear
policies, adequate funding, training, and ethical guidelines. By addressing these challenges,
Nigerian libraries can join the global movement toward smarter, more efficient knowledge
institutions.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Library Systems, Awareness and Perceptions,
Technology Adoption, Information Professionals, Patrons
Publication Date: 2026-02-05